The Southern Right Whale

The Southern Right Whale was so named because it was considered to be the 'right' whale to catch. They are slow-moving, float in the water when killed, and are incredibly rich in oil and baleen (the large food filter plates). They became one of the most ruthlessly hunted of all species of whales.

international protected since in 1935, the southern hemisphere populations show a slow increase. There are estimated to be about only 3 000 - 4 000 southern right whales at present, with South Africa receiving the major percentage visiting its coasts annually. Present populations of southern right whales are a fraction of estimated initial stocks.

The southern right whale has a circumpolar distribution and inhabits sub antarctic water between about 30° and 55° south. The whales migrate south during the summer months when supplies of krill are more prolific, and north during winter and spring to mate, calve and rear their young. They appear around the South African coastline from May to December, with high season being August-November. They can be seen interacting in the sheltered bays and coves close inshore and near river mouths.

The southern right whale can be distinguished from other whales by its V-shaped 'blow' and the callosities which appear on and around its head. They are a useful form of identification.. Many people mistake these callosities for barnacles and although barnacles and other sea life live on these patches on the whale's head, the callosities are actual outgrowths of tough skin which form different patterns on each individual.

The blow of the whale is vapour produced largely by condensation when warm breath meets with cooler air. It also contains oily mucus from the respiratory tract of the whale. Whales are large brained and sensitive creatures. Strong bonds exist between females and their calves. In normal circumstances they are non-aggressive and gentle towards man.

SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES

FACT FILE

Description: Colour black with occasional white markings along back and underside;, smoothly rotund without a trace of dorsal fin or any ridge along the back.

Length: 14 - 18 metres

Mass: 40 to 80 tons, averages about 54

Cruising Speed: 5 - 8 km/h or 2 - 3 knots

Gestation: About one year. Calves 5 - 6 metres at birth. Growth rate about 3cm a day. August is the best calving month. Pregnancy every 3 - 7 years. Lactation 4 - 8 months.

Longevity: Estimated to be 90 - 100 years.